What are the four questions in the Codex Alimentarius CCP decision tree?

The 4 questions are: Q1: Do preventive control measures exist? Q2: Is the step specifically designed to eliminate or reduce the hazard to an acceptable level? Q3: Could contamination occur in excess of acceptable levels? Q4: Will a subsequent step eliminate or reduce the hazard? If yes to Q2, or yes to Q3 and no to Q4, the step is a CCP.

What is the difference between a CCP and a Prerequisite Programme (PRP)?

Prerequisite Programmes (PRPs) are baseline environmental and operational conditions necessary for safe food production (e.g., staff personal hygiene, pest control, structural maintenance). A Critical Control Point (CCP) is a specific operational process step where food hazard elimination is actively monitored with measurable parameters (e.g., cooking core temperature).

What happens when a critical limit at a CCP is breached?

A breach of a critical limit indicates that the safety of the food cannot be guaranteed. Operators must execute immediate corrective action: stop the process, isolate and quarantine affected food, investigate the root cause, and either re-process (e.g., recook to 75°C) or safely condemn and discard the product.

Are CCP records legally required during an Environmental Health inspection?

Yes. Under Regulation (EC) No 852/2004 Article 5, food businesses must document their HACCP-based system and retain monitoring records demonstrating that CCP critical limits were consistently achieved and verified across all service shifts.

What is HACCP?: Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) is a systematic, preventative food safety management system that identifies, evaluates, and controls biological, chemical, physical, and allergenic hazards at specific operational stages called Critical Control Points (CCPs).

Byline: Saim Dev

Last Reviewed: 27 October 2026

Aligned with UK Food Standards Agency (FSA) Guidance

Define Critical Control Point With Decision Tree - Free UK Kitchen Compliance Template (PDF Download)

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Free Critical Control Points (CCP) Guide

Free Critical Control Points (CCP) guide and Codex decision tree. Identify biological hazards, set critical limits, and build a compliant HACCP plan.

Direct Operational Answer & UK Legal Context

A Critical Control Point (CCP) is an operational stage in food preparation where control can be applied and is essential to prevent, eliminate, or reduce a food safety hazard to an acceptable level. Established under Codex Alimentarius HACCP Principle 2, common catering CCPs include Goods Receiving (CCP 1), Cooking (CCP 2), Hot Holding (CCP 3), and Chilling (CCP 4).

Based on Codex Alimentarius HACCP Principles

HACCP Plan Builder & CCP Hazard Analysis Matrix

Document critical control points, preventive limits, and corrective procedures for kitchen records.

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7-Principle Hazard Analysis & Critical Control Points

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Process Step	Hazard Type	Hazard Details	CCP?	Critical Limit	Monitoring Procedure	Corrective Action
1. Delivery & Goods Receiving	Biological	Growth of Salmonella & Campylobacter due to delivery vehicle temperature abuse. Growth of Salmonella & Campylobacter due to delivery vehicle temperature abuse.	CCP 1	Chilled foods <= 5°C; Frozen foods <= -18°C. Chilled foods <= 5°C; Frozen foods <= -18°C.	Probe temperature of high-risk meats on delivery; inspect vehicle hygiene. Probe temperature of high-risk meats on delivery; inspect vehicle hygiene.	Reject delivery if chilled temp > 8°C or if packaging is compromised. Reject delivery if chilled temp > 8°C or if packaging is compromised.
2. Chilled Storage	Biological	Multiplication of foodborne pathogens due to refrigeration malfunction. Multiplication of foodborne pathogens due to refrigeration malfunction.	CCP 2	Commercial fridge air temp 1°C to 4°C (legal max 8°C). Commercial fridge air temp 1°C to 4°C (legal max 8°C).	Calibrated probe log recorded twice daily (morning & evening shift). Calibrated probe log recorded twice daily (morning & evening shift).	If > 8°C for < 2 hrs, move to backup walk-in; if > 8°C for > 2 hrs, condemn & discard. If > 8°C for < 2 hrs, move to backup walk-in; if > 8°C for > 2 hrs, condemn & discard.
3. Preparation & Chopping	Allergenic	Cross-contact of gluten/nuts with allergen-free meals; cross-contamination of raw poultry. Cross-contact of gluten/nuts with allergen-free meals; cross-contamination of raw poultry.	PRP	Strict colour-coded boards (Yellow: poultry, Red: raw meat, Green: salad, Purple: allergen). Strict colour-coded boards (Yellow: poultry, Red: raw meat, Green: salad, Purple: allergen).	Visual inspection by shift supervisor; sanitiser wipe down between tasks. Visual inspection by shift supervisor; sanitiser wipe down between tasks.	Re-wash and sanitise station; re-prepare allergen order if cross-contact suspected. Re-wash and sanitise station; re-prepare allergen order if cross-contact suspected.
4. Cooking & Frying	Biological	Survival of vegetative pathogens (E. coli, Listeria, Salmonella) from undercooking. Survival of vegetative pathogens (E. coli, Listeria, Salmonella) from undercooking.	CCP 3	Core temperature >= 75°C for 30 seconds (or 70°C for 2 mins). Core temperature >= 75°C for 30 seconds (or 70°C for 2 mins).	Digital probe inserted into thickest part of chicken/beef patty for every batch. Digital probe inserted into thickest part of chicken/beef patty for every batch.	Continue cooking until probe verifies >= 75°C. Discard if equipment unable to reach heat. Continue cooking until probe verifies >= 75°C. Discard if equipment unable to reach heat.
5. Hot Holding	Biological	Spore germination of Clostridium perfringens if held in temperature danger zone. Spore germination of Clostridium perfringens if held in temperature danger zone.	CCP 4	Food held continuously at or above 63°C in heated display. Food held continuously at or above 63°C in heated display.	Probe temperature logged every 2 hours. Probe temperature logged every 2 hours.	If food drops below 63°C for under 2 hours: reheat immediately to >= 75°C or discard. If food drops below 63°C for under 2 hours: reheat immediately to >= 75°C or discard.
6. Two-Stage Cooling	Biological	Bacillus cereus spore toxin formation during slow cooling. Bacillus cereus spore toxin formation during slow cooling.	CCP 5	Cool from 60°C to < 20°C in 2 hrs, then < 8°C in next 4 hrs (max 6 hrs total). Cool from 60°C to < 20°C in 2 hrs, then < 8°C in next 4 hrs (max 6 hrs total).	Log cooling start time and probe temp at 2 hrs and 6 hrs. Log cooling start time and probe temp at 2 hrs and 6 hrs.	Discard food if not cooled below 8°C within 6 hours. Discard food if not cooled below 8°C within 6 hours.

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• Saim Dev Food Safety Architecture • Codex HACCP Standards

Audited & Signed By: • Retained Reg (EC) 852/2004

Standard Operating Guidance (SOP)

How to Implement the Define Critical Control Point With Decision Tree in Your Commercial Kitchen

Practical due diligence procedures, regulatory compliance steps, and EHO audit verification guidelines for UK hospitality businesses.

UK Statutory Due Diligence Framework

Under Section 21 of the Food Safety Act 1990, a food business operator has a defense of due diligence if they prove that all reasonable precautions were taken and all due diligence was exercised to prevent food safety offenses.

Documented logs like the Define Critical Control Point With Decision Tree provide contemporaneous proof of monitoring required by Regulation (EC) No 852/2004 (retained UK law). Local council Environmental Health Officers (EHO) evaluate these records when scoring the "Confidence in Management" category of the Food Hygiene Rating Scheme (FHRS).

Official FSA Record-Keeping Guidance & Due Diligence

Under UK Food Standards Agency (FSA) Safer Food, Better Business (SFBB) standards and Article 5 of Regulation (EC) No 852/2004, food business operators are required to maintain contemporaneous, accurate operational records.

Contemporaneous logging: Kitchen logs must reflect actual checks performed during opening, active service, and closing rather than retrospective estimates.
Corrective action logs: Whenever a critical limit is breached, document the specific corrective measure taken (e.g. food discarded, chilled, or reheated) with staff initials.
Statutory due diligence defense: Retaining completed daily sheets for a minimum of 6 to 12 months supports the statutory defense under Section 21 of the Food Safety Act 1990. Official guidance is available at food.gov.uk.

Step-by-Step Operational Routine

Operational Step 1

Construct a linear process flow diagram representing every preparation step from intake to service.

Operational Step 2

Identify specific biological, physical, chemical, and allergen hazards associated with each step.

Operational Step 3

Apply the 4 questions of the Codex CCP decision tree to evaluate whether control at this stage is essential.

Operational Step 4

Define measurable, validated critical limits (e.g., minimum 75°C core for cooking) and monitoring procedures.

Official Guidance Reference:

Procedures align with UK Food Standards Agency (FSA) Safer Food, Better Business (SFBB) catering guidance and the Food Information Regulations 2014. Review official advice at food.gov.uk.

Frequently Asked Questions

Common questions about UK kitchen compliance, record keeping, and EHO audits.

Verified Statutory Standards & Source Register

Last reviewed: 02 November 2026

All temperatures, microbial lethality pairs, and critical limits on this page have been verified against primary statutory documents issued by the UK Food Standards Agency (FSA), Food Standards Scotland (FSS), Regulation (EC) No 852/2004, and US FDA/USDA guidelines.

FSA Safe Methods (UK)FSS Schedule 4 (82°C Rule)Natasha's Law (PPDS)FDA / USDA FSIS Guidelines

Food Safety & Due Diligence Notice

These templates, checklists, and calculators are food-safety management tools designed to assist UK food business operators (FBOs) in maintaining organised kitchen records and internal procedures. They do not constitute legal advice and using them does not guarantee compliance with UK food law or a five-star food hygiene rating.

UK Jurisdictional Variations:Food hygiene rating display is mandatory in Wales and Northern Ireland, and voluntary in England. Scotland operates the separate Food Hygiene Information Scheme (FHIS: Pass or Improvement Required). Always verify specific local authority inspection criteria with your council EHO.

Editorial review by Saim Dev · Aligned with FSA SFBB & Regulation (EC) 852/2004Official FSA Guidance (food.gov.uk) →

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